Wednesday

Acquisitions (115): Tintin


  • Hergé. Vol 714 pour Sydney. 1966-67. Les Aventures de Tintin, 22. Paris: Casterman, 1968.
  • Hergé. Coke en Stock. 1956-58. Les Aventures de Tintin, 19. Paris: Casterman, 1958.

Hergé: Coke en Stock (1958)



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Tintin-nabulation




I was pretty excited to run across a couple of battered old Tintin albums in a box of ex-library rejects in Warkworth the other day. The lady who sold them to me seemed a bit surprised to find that they were in French. "I suppose you can just look at the pictures and try to guess what they're saying," she suggested.

I was about to regale her with an account of my prowess as a Francophone, but - to echo one of my father's favourite phrases - she was clearly on send rather than receive, so I decided to flag it. Just look at the pictures and keep your mouth shut, buster. After all, they were priced at $7 and $4, respectively, so I decided to get out of there while the going was good.

Mention of my father reminds me of what a Tintin fan he was. In fact, it wouldn't be much of an exaggeration that we were brought up on comics such as Donald Duck, Tintin, Asterix, and (his particular favourite) the Eagle, with its 'Dan Dare' and 'Lost World' strips. There was certainly no false snobbery in our house about 'proper' books and mere cartoons. We read both indiscriminately - and voraciously.

So, to get the discussion rolling, here's a list of the twenty-four canonical Adventures of Tintin albums in chronological order, with their titles in French and English:
  1. 1930 - Tintin au pays des soviets / Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (tr. 1989)
  2. 1931 - Tintin au Congo / Tintin in the Congo (tr. 1991)
  3. 1932 - Tintin en Amérique / Tintin in America (tr. 1973)
  4. 1934 - Les Cigares du Pharaon / Cigars of the Pharaoh (tr. 1971)
  5. 1936 - Le Lotus bleu / The Blue Lotus (tr. 1983)
  6. 1937 - L'Oreille cassée / The Broken Ear (tr. 1975)
  7. 1938 - L'Île Noire / The Black Island (tr. 1966)
  8. 1939 - Le Sceptre d'Ottokar / King Ottokar's Sceptre (tr. 1958)
  9. 1941 - Le Crabe aux pinces d'or / The Crab with the Golden Claws (tr. 1958)
  10. 1942 - L'Étoile mystérieuse / The Shooting Star (tr. 1961)
  11. 1943 - Le Secret de La Licorne / The Secret of the Unicorn (tr. 1959)
  12. 1944 - Le Trésor de Rackham le Rouge / Red Rackham's Treasure (tr. 1959)
  13. 1948 - Les Sept Boules de cristal / The Seven Crystal Balls (tr. 1962)
  14. 1949 - Le Temple du Soleil / Prisoners of the Sun (tr. 1962)
  15. 1950 - Tintin au pays de l'or noir / Land of Black Gold (tr. 1972)
  16. 1953 - Objectif Lune / Destination Moon (tr. 1959)
  17. 1954 - On a marché sur la Lune / Explorers on the Moon (tr. 1959)
  18. 1956 - L'Affaire Tournesol / The Calculus Affair (tr. 1960)
  19. 1958 - Coke en stock / The Red Sea Sharks (tr. 1960)
  20. 1960 - Tintin au Tibet / Tintin in Tibet (tr. 1962)
  21. 1963 - Les Bijoux de la Castafiore / The Castafiore Emerald (tr. 1963)
  22. 1968 - Vol 714 pour Sydney / Flight 714 (tr. 1968)
  23. 1976 - Tintin et les Picaros / Tintin and the Picaros (tr. 1976)
  24. 1986 - Tintin et l'Alph-Art / Tintin and Alph-Art (tr. 1990)

Thanks to this latest windfall, I'm happy to announce that I now own 11 of these 24 albums in French. The others I'm still forced to read in translation. This isn't too much of a hardship, though, as Hergé's English translators, Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner - who worked at the task from the late 1950s till the early 1990s - were witty and ingenious word-smiths who created their own parallel Tintin universe, with puns and word-play in every way worthy of the original.

It helped that they worked, at least initially, in close collaboration with Georges Remi himself (his nom-de-plume, "Hergé", was concocted from his own initials spelt backwards, and sounded out as they are in French).

Interestingly enough, it was in the pages of the Eagle, in the early 1950s, that Tintin was first introduced to the English-speaking public, with the 1939 story King Ottokar's Sceptre:
It was translated in conjunction with Casterman, Tintin's publishers, and starts by describing Tintin as "a French boy". Snowy was called by his French name Milou.


"A French boy" ... that must have appealed greatly to the Belgians, who are so proud of their native son Hergé that they've decorated one of the principal Brussels metro stations with immense murals depicting his most celebrated characters.


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Tintin core cast:
l-to-r: Professeur Tournesol, Capitaine Haddock, Tintin, Dupont et Dupond, Milou, et Bianca Castafiore
l-to-r: Professor Calculus, Captain Haddock, Tintin, Thompson & Thomson, Snowy, & Bianca Castafiore


So who exactly was this man Hergé, and how did his creation - and alter-ego? - Tintin the boy reporter become so famous all around the world, in so many different countries and languages?


Hergé: Tintin au pays des soviets (Le Petit Vingtième, 1 May 1930)


It was a long and rocky journey from his first shaky attempts at a connected narrative in Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1929-30), complete with endless pratfalls and Katzenjammer Kids-style action, to the suave "ligne claire" [clear line] which would characterise his mature work:



It was a journey, also, from black-and-white serialised stories to brightly coloured stand-alone albums. Tintin ran (initially) in Le Petit Vingtième magazine, a youth supplement for:
Le Vingtième Siècle (The Twentieth Century), a staunchly Roman Catholic, conservative Belgian newspaper based in Hergé's native Brussels. Run by the Abbé Norbert Wallez, the paper described itself as a "Catholic Newspaper for Doctrine and Information" and disseminated a fascist viewpoint.
There's no reason to suspect Hergé himself of sharing these political views - especially given his satirical portrait, in Le Sceptre d'Ottokar (1938–1939), of the fictional fascist state of 'Borduria': the name of whose leader, Müsstler, contains clearly echoes both Nazi Führer Adolf Hitler and Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.

He was, nevertheless, forced - at least initially - to confine himself to subjects which fitted the pro-colonialist (Tintin au Congo, 1930-31) and anti-American (Tintin en Amérique, 1931-32) bias of his employers.

Some of these early adventures make for distinctly uncomfortable reading today, despite the successive revisions and polishing they've since undergone.



The situation got even worse after the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940.
For political reasons, the Nazi authorities closed down Le Vingtième Siècle ... Hergé ... got a job as an illustrator at Belgium's leading newspaper, Le Soir (The Evening), which was allowed to continue publication under German management. On 17 October 1940, he was made editor of the children's supplement, Le Soir Jeunesse, in which he set about producing new Tintin adventures. In this new, more repressive political climate of German-occupied Belgium, Hergé could no longer politicize The Adventures of Tintin lest he be arrested by the Gestapo. As Harry Thompson noted, Tintin's role as a reporter came to an end, to be replaced by his new role as an explorer.
This repressive regime affected his work on at least six of the Tintin adventures (the dates given are those of serialisation, rather than publication as a single album):
  1. Tintin au pays de l'or noir [Land of Black Gold] (1939-40 / completed 1948–1950)
  2. Le Crabe aux pinces d'or [The Crab with the Golden Claws] (1940–1941)
  3. L'Étoile mystérieuse [The Shooting Star] (1941–1942)
  4. Le Secret de La Licorne [The Secret of the Unicorn] (1942–1943)
  5. Le Trésor de Rackham le Rouge [Red Rackham's Treasure] (1943)
  6. Les Sept Boules de cristal [The Seven Crystal Balls] (1943–1946)
Prisoners of the Sun, the sequel to The Seven Crystal Balls, was published after the liberation of Brussels. Hergé's reputation as a collaborator with the Nazis took a long time to shake off, however, despite the fact that he'd never published anything in direct support of the Germans and their regime.

Possibly for this reason, it wasn't until the late 1950s that Hergé's work began to be systematically translated into English. The first few titles - King Ottokar's Sceptre, The Crab with the Golden Claws, and the two double stories The Secret of the Unicorn / Red Rackham's Treasure, and Destination Moon / Explorers on the Moon - were an immediate success with readers, though, perhaps due to the adroitness and subtlety with which the stories were anglicised - their references subtly shifted from Belgian to English characters, jokes and placenames.


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Hergé: Tintin in Tibet (1960 / 1962)


Which are my own favourites among his many works? Tintin in Tibet is certainly a marvellously written and conceived adventure, one with deep resonances in his own life, as Benôit Peeters reveals in his 1988 biography Tintin and the World of Hergé. The mystic figure of the yeti seems to transcend the usual comic animal characters common in Hergé's other works ("When Llama is angry, he always do that ...").

Many commentators have described it as the summit of Hergé's creation, seeing the three completed albums which followed as an embarrassing coda to the Tintin saga. I couldn't agree less. The Castafiore Emerald is slight, and Tintin and the Picaros shows a serious falling-off in skill and conception, but Flight 714 is probably the album of his I like the best.

Perhaps it's because I read it at a formative age, but its curious blend of Jules Verne-like adventure, UFOlogy, and international terrorism still seems to me to cohere beautifully in an immensely resonant yarn. It's a great thrill to be able to read it in French after all these years, though I suspect it works equally well in either language.

I like the Moon books, too, as well as Tintin and Captain Haddock's eventful quest for Red Rackham's Treasure, but probably the album of his which has affected me most was The Seven Crystal Balls. There's a dream sequence there featuring a mummified Inca priest which terrified me when I first read it, and which still gives rise to an M. R. James-like thrill every time I think of it. Brrrr ... What a genius!


Hergé: The Seven Crystal Balls (1948 / 1962)



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Jean-Jacques Vierne, dir.: Tintin et le mystère de la Toison d'Or (1961)


Tintin's history in the movies has been rather more hit-and-miss. The two live-action films Tintin and the Golden Fleece and Tintin and the Blue Oranges, based on original scripts by (respectively) André Barret & Rémo Forlani, and André Barret alone, were reasonably successful with audiences in the early 1960s.


Philippe Condroyer, dir.: Tintin et les oranges bleues (1964)


The next film, Tintin et le lac aux requins [Tintin and the Lake of Sharks] (1972), was an animated feature based on an original script by Belgian cartoonist Greg [Michel Régnier] and directed by Raymond Leblanc. It was, however, despite its technical sophistication, conspicuously less successful than its predecessors.


Raymond Leblanc, dir.: Tintin et le lac aux requins (1972)


Opinions differ on the quality of Peter Jackson and Steven Spielberg's motion capture 3D film The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011). Unlike its predecessors, it was based (loosely) on three Hergé albums: The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941), The Secret of the Unicorn (1943), and Red Rackham's Treasure (1944).

Personally I found it one long, charmless, high-speed chase without any of the reflective or quietly humorous aspects of Tintin's comic-book adventures. But it did receive positive reviews and was a box office success - perhaps due to its curious combination of some of the cruder aspects of both the Indiana Jones and the Lord of the Rings films. Certainly I was not its target audience.


Steven Spielberg, dir.: The Adventures of Tintin (2011)



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Hergé: The Tintin Collection (8 vols)


So what now for Tintin? Comics enthusiasts will no doubt continue to read and savour his adventures - most frequently encountered nowadays in miniaturised form, unfortunately, which does have the effect of robbing them of some of their charm. Tintin in the Congo appears, not unreasonably, to have dropped quietly out of the canon in the latest, 2015 version of HarperCollins' 8-volume set, however.

Is he any more than a quaint curiosity to young readers nowadays, though? With the continued resurgence of popularity for Agatha Christie's Poirot and other luminaries of the Art Deco era, one can't help feeling that Tintin's role as ambassador and guide to the turbulent political history of the twentieth century cannot be underrated.

Nor can I see the entertainment value of his adventures being much diminished as we approach the centenary of his first adventure, a bold attempt to visit the forbidden Land of the Soviets. I suspect he may still have mysteries to share with audiences today ...


Murray Groat: Tintin meets H.P. Lovecraft (2019)



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Hergé with bust of Tintin

Georges Prosper Remi [Hergé]
(1907-1983)


Books I own are marked in bold:

    Hergé: Tintin Back Book Cover (c.1960)


  1. Les Aventures de Tintin (1929-1986):

    1. Tintin au Pays des Soviets. 1929–1930 (1930 / 2017)
      • Les Aventures de Tintin, Reporter du petit “Vingtième,” au Pays des Soviets. 1929-30. Paris: Casterman, 1981.
    2. Tintin au Congo. 1930–1931 (1931 / 1946)
      • Tintin au Congo. 1930-31. Les Aventures de Tintin. 1946. Paris: Casterman, 1970.
    3. Tintin en Amérique. 1931–1932 (1932 / 1945)
      • Tintin en Amérique. 1931-32. Les Aventures de Tintin. 1947. Paris: Casterman, 1966.
      • Tintin in America. 1931-32. The Adventures of Tintin. 1947. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. London: Methuen Children’s Books, 1978.
    4. Les Cigares du Pharaon. 1932–1934 (1934 / 1955)
      • Cigars of the Pharaoh. 1932-34. The Adventures of Tintin. 1955. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. London: Methuen Children’s Books, 1971.
    5. Le Lotus bleu. 1934–1935 (1936 / 1946)
      • Le Lotus bleu. 1934-35. Les Aventures de Tintin. 1946. Paris: Casterman, 1966.
      • The Blue Lotus. 1934-35. The Adventures of Tintin. 1946, 1974. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1983. A Magnet Book. London: Methuen Children’s Books, 1984.
    6. L’Oreille Cassée. 1935–1937 (1937 / 1943)
      • L’Oreille Cassée. 1935-37. Les Aventures de Tintin. 1945, 1984. Paris: Casterman, 1986.
    7. L'Île Noire. 1937–1938 (1938 / 1943, 1966)
      • The Black Island. 1937-38. The Adventures of Tintin. 1965. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1966.
    8. Le Sceptre d'Ottokar. 1938–1939 (1939 / 1947)
      • King Ottokar's Sceptre. 1938-39. The Adventures of Tintin. 1947. [Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner.] London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1958.
    9. Le Crabe aux pinces d'or. 1940–1941 (1941 / 1943)
      • The Crab with the Golden Claws. 1940-41. The Adventures of Tintin. 1943. [Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner.] London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1958.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 4: The Crab with the Golden Claws / The Shooting Star / The Secret of the Unicorn. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1958, 1961, 1959. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    10. L'Étoile mystérieuse. 1941–1942 (1942)
      • The Shooting Star. 1941-42. The Adventures of Tintin. 1942. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1961.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 4: The Crab with the Golden Claws / The Shooting Star / The Secret of the Unicorn. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1958, 1961, 1959. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    11. Le Secret de La Licorne. 1942–1943 (1943)
      • The Secret of the Unicorn. 1942-43. The Adventures of Tintin. 1943. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1959.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 4: The Crab with the Golden Claws / The Shooting Star / The Secret of the Unicorn. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1958, 1961, 1959. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    12. Le Trésor de Rackham le Rouge. 1943 (1944)
      • Red Rackham's Treasure. 1943. The Adventures of Tintin. 1944. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1959.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 5: Red Rackham's Treasure / The Seven Crystal Balls / Prisoners of the Sun. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1959, 1962. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    13. Les Sept Boules de Cristal. 1943–1946 (1948)
      • Les Sept Boules de Cristal. 1943-46. Les Aventures de Tintin. 1948. Paris: Casterman, 1987.
      • The Seven Crystal Balls. 1943-46. The Adventures of Tintin. 1948. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. 1962. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1962.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 5: Red Rackham's Treasure / The Seven Crystal Balls / Prisoners of the Sun. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1959, 1962. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    14. Le Temple du Soleil. 1946–1948 (1949)
      • Le Temple du Soleil. 1946-48. Les Aventures de Tintin. 1949. Paris: Casterman, 1986.
      • Prisoners of the Sun. 1946-48. The Adventures of Tintin. 1949. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1962.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 5: Red Rackham's Treasure / The Seven Crystal Balls / Prisoners of the Sun. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1959, 1962. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    15. Tintin au pays de l'or noir. 1939-1940 / 1948–1950 (1950, 1971)
      • Tintin au pays de l'or noir. 1948-50. Les Aventures de Tintin. Paris: Casterman, 1950.
      • Land of Black Gold. 1948-50. The Adventures of Tintin. 1950, 1963. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen Children's Books, 1972.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 6: Land of Black Gold / Destination Moon / Explorers on the Moon. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1972, 1959. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    16. Objectif Lune. 1950–1952 (1953)
      • Destination Moon. 1950-52. The Adventures of Tintin. 1953. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1959.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 6: Land of Black Gold / Destination Moon / Explorers on the Moon. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1972, 1959. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    17. On a marché sur la Lune. 1952–1953 (1954)
      • Explorers on the Moon. 1952-53. The Adventures of Tintin. 1954. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1959.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 6: Land of Black Gold / Destination Moon / Explorers on the Moon. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1972, 1959. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2007.
    18. L'Affaire Tournesol. 1954–1956 (1956)
      • The Calculus Affair. 1954-56. The Adventures of Tintin. 1956. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1960.
    19. Coke en Stock. 1956–1958 (1958)
      • Coke en Stock. 1956-58. Les Aventures de Tintin. Paris: Casterman, 1958.
      • The Red Sea Sharks. 1956-58. The Adventures of Tintin. 1958. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1960.
    20. Tintin au Tibet. 1958–1959 (1960)
      • Tintin in Tibet. 1958-59. The Adventures of Tintin. 1960. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1962.
    21. Les Bijoux de la Castafiore. 1961–1962 (1963)
      • The Castafiore Emerald. 1961-62. The Adventures of Tintin. 1963. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1963.
    22. Vol 714 pour Sydney. 1966–1967 (1968)
      • Vol 714 pour Sydney. 1966-67. Les Aventures de Tintin. Paris: Casterman, 1968.
      • Flight 714. 1966-67. The Adventures of Tintin. 1968. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1968.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 8: Flight 714 to Sydney / Tintin and the Picaros / Tintin and Alph-Art. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1968, 1976, 2004. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2015.
    23. Tintin et les Picaros. 1975–1976 (1976)
      • Tintin et les Picaros. 1975-76. Les Aventures de Tintin. 1976. Paris: Casterman, 1986.
      • Tintin and the Picaros. 1975-76. The Adventures of Tintin. 1976. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. 1976. London: Egmont Books Limited, 2002.
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 8: Flight 714 to Sydney / Tintin and the Picaros / Tintin and Alph-Art. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1968, 1976, 2004. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2015.
    24. Tintin et l'Alph-Art. 1986 (2004)
      • Included in: The Adventures of Tintin: Volume 8: Flight 714 to Sydney / Tintin and the Picaros / Tintin and Alph-Art. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper & Michael Turner. 1968, 1976, 2004. 8 vols. London: Egmont UK Limited, 2015.
    25. Miscellaneous:

      1. Tintin et le mystère de la Toison d'Or. 1962 (1965)
        • Barret, André, & Rémo Forlani. Tintin and the Golden Fleece: Based on Herge's Characters. 1962. Adapted by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1965.
      2. Tintin et les oranges bleues. 1965 (1967)
        • Barret, André. Tintin and the Blue Oranges: Based on Herge's Characters. 1965. Adapted by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1967.
      3. Tintin et le lac aux requins. 1972 (1973)
        • Leblanc, Raymond, & Greg. Tintin and the Lake of Sharks: Based on the Characters Created by Herge. Trans. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1973.
      4. Tintin & Snowy (2005)
        • Harvey, Guy, & Simon Beecroft. Tintin & Snowy: Album 1. 2005. London: Egmont Books Limited, 2005.


    2. •

    Hergé: Le Petit Vingtième


  2. Quick et Flupke, gamins de Bruxelles (1930-1941):

    1. [with Johan de Moor] Haute Tension (1985)
    2. Jeux interdits (1985)
    3. Tout va bien (1985)
    4. Toutes voiles dehors (1986)
    5. Chacun son tour (1986)
    6. Pas de quartier (1987)
    7. Pardon Madame (1987)
    8. Vive le progrès (1987)
    9. Catastrophe (1988)
    10. Farces et attrapes (1989)
    11. Coups de bluff (1990)
    12. Attachez vos ceintures (1991)


    3. •

    Hergé: Jo, Zette et Jocko


  3. Les aventures de Jo, Zette et Jocko (1936–1957):

    1. Le "Manitoba" ne répond plus [The 'Manitoba' No Reply]. Le rayon du mystère [The Secret Ray], 1 (1952)
    2. L'Eruption du Karamako [The Eruption of Karamako]. Le rayon du mystère [The Secret Ray], 2 (1952)
    3. Le Testament de Monsieur Pump [Mr. Pump’s Legacy]. Le Stratonef H 22 [The Stratoship H-22, 1 (1951)
    4. Destination New-York [Destination New York]. Le Stratonef H 22 [The Stratoship H-22], 2 (1951)
    5. La Vallée des cobras [The Valley of the Cobras] (1957)



    4. Miscellaneous Comics (1926-1969):

  4. Les Aventures de Totor, C.P. des hannetons [The Adventures of Totor] (Le Boy Scout Belge, 1926–1930)
  5. [illustrated only] L'Extraordinaire Aventure de Flup, Nénesse, Poussette et Cochonnet [Flup, Nénesse, Poussette and Piglet] (Le Petit Vingtième, 1928-29)
  6. Seven Humorous strips (Le Sifflet, 1928–1929)
  7. Fred et Mile [Fred and Mile] (Mon Avenir, 1931)
  8. Les aventures de "Tim" l'écureuil au Far-West [The Adventures of Tim the Squirrel out West] (L'Innovation, 1931)
  9. Cet aimable M. Mops [The Amiable Mr. Mops] (Le Bon Marché, 1932)
  10. Les Aventures de Tom et Millie [The Adventures of Tom and Millie] (Pim et Pom, 1933)
  11. Popol et Virginie au pays des Lapinos (Le Petit Vingtième, 1934 / 1968)
    • Popol Out West. Trans. Michael Turner & Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper (Methuen, 1969)
  12. Dropsy (Antoine, 1934)
  13. The mesadventures of Jef Debakker [The Misadventures of Jef Debakker] (Atelier Hergé, 1937)
  14. Monsieur Bellum [Mr. Bellum] (L'Ouest, 1939)
  15. [illustrated only] Dupont et Dupond, Detectives [Thompson and Thomson, Detectives] (Le Soir, 1943)
  16. They Explored the Moon (Paris Match, 1969)


    17. •

    Benôit Peeters: Tintin and the World of Hergé (1988)


    Secondary:

  17. Peeters, Benôit. Tintin and the World of Hergé. 1988. Trans. Michael Farr. London: Methuen Children’s Books, 1989.



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