Saturday

Acquisitions (42): The Inklings


Philip Zaleski & Carol Zaleski. The Fellowship. The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams. 2015. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016.


J. R. R. Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings (1969)


I think it would be fair to say that I was brought up on these bozos. The very first bookish experience I can remember is gazing at a paperback copy of The Lord of the Rings, with its infinitely suggestive Pauline Baynes cover, while wondering what riches could possibly be hidden within? This was quite some time before I knew how to read, so I had to endure a long apprenticesip of being read to by my mother from The Hobbit before I was able to assuage this curiosity.



J. R. R. Tolkien: The Hobbit (1974)


I suppose, in retrospect, that was made me a Fantasy fan, this early immersion in the imaginary worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien. It does have the side-effect of making me completely unable to maintain any critical distance from his work. I literally learned it at my mother's knee, and I've been unable to shake off the fascination ever since.

I did write a rather sardonic blogpost about the posthumous exploitation of his name a few years ago, but even there I think I was unable to disguise how fascinated I've continued to be with each new addition to this seemingly endless procession of books and new editions of existing ones. My PhD supervisor, Colin Manlove, claimed that it must all be arriving through spirit messages!

They certainly have a captive audience in me, though the recent death of Tolkien's youngest son Christopher may perhaps call a halt to what one might call the authorised version of this posthumous productivity. But then again, probably not. He's even now found himself the subject of a film, which I (for one) found very watchable:



Dome Karukoski, dir.: Tolkien (2019)


But my mother was brought up an Anglican, and so C. S. Lewis was an even more resonant name in our house. Of course we read and enjoyed the Narnia books, but for me a far richer experience came from his Interplanetary trilogy: Out of the Silent Planet (1938), Perelandra (1943), and That Hideous Strength (1945).



C. S. Lewis: Out of the Silent Planet (1938)




C. S. Lewis: Perelandra (1943)




C. S. Lewis: That Hideous Strength (1945)


Actually there wasn't much by C. S. Lewis we didn't read: essays, poetry, Christian apologetics, as well as his other works of fiction: Till We Have Faces (1956) and even The Pilgrim's Regress (1933).

I've written a blogpost about him, too - or, rather, about some of the more unseemly quarrels that have erupted over his immensely valuable literary estate. I don't need to rehash any of that here, however.

Suffice it to say, it it concerns either Tolkien or C. S. Lewis, I've probably been there, done that, and got the T-shirt. Not that that's any great chore when you consider the forest of secondary works that has grown up around them.



Roger Lancelyn Green & Walter Hooper: C. S. Lewis: A Biography (1974)


Everyone in my family read and enjoyed the above: a gentle romp through the life of an author who is allowed to remain a rather distant figure throughout. We had no idea then of the rather bitter politics that had gone into its creation, and the gradual usurpation of the more experienced Roger Lancelyn Green - an 'inkling' in his own right - as biographer by a then largely unknown American named Walter Hooper. None of that was apparent in the finished product.

We were not nearly so impressed by the volume below:



Humphrey Carpenter: J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography (1977)


Now I can see the virtues of Humphrey Carpenter's more distanced and objective approach (I've written a blogpost about him, too), but at the time it seemed absurd to write in this deadpan way about a writer who had become such an object of adoration to his innumerable fans. The fact that - as Carpenter himself admitted - he'd only actually met Tolkien once also seemed, to us, a distinct disadvantage.

Hard on the heels of this first book came a second, this one dedicated to the literary group which both Lewis and Tolkien have become so indelibly associated with: the Inklings.



I thought this a much better book. It was full of fascinating information about - in particular - Charles Williams, who'd played such a major role in (particularly) Lewis's life, and yet who'd hitherto remained a somewhat shadowy figure for me. There was important new material about the whole group, however.



Humphrey Carpenter & Christopher Tolkien, ed.: The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (1981)


Before he was done with Tolkien, Carpenter also co-edited an edition of his letters with Christopher Tolkien, which remains an indispensable source of information on the author (though the 1999/2000 edition includes a "new, expanded index" by indefatigable Tolkienians Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond). Time has dealt more kindly with Carpenter's work on the group than with Green and Hooper's pioneering Lewis biography, I'm sorry to say.



So why, having said all that, do I need a copy of Philip and Carol Zaleski's rather more voluminous account of the group? Is there really anything in there that couldn't be found in earlier biographies of the respective authors? I wasn't sure to begin with, but now, having read it to the end, I can wholeheartedly recommend it.

One major distinction between their work and Carpenter's is placing much greater stress on Anthroposophist Owen Barfield as an integral part of the group. In general, though, while far more sympathetic to the respective ideologies of these 'Oxford Christians' than Carpenter was, the Zaleskis do not succumb to the temptation of hagiography. Their book gets better and better as it goes on, both as a work of literary criticism and a biographical study of the intricate relations between these strangely prickly men.

It is, in any case, forty years since Carpenter's book came out, so a colossal amount of information has come to light in the meantime, not to mention oceans of ink having been spilt about each and every one of them.

My intentions here, as usual, remain more bibliographical than strictly critical. I like to collect books by each of these authors, and continue to read them with great pleasure, despite the cheerful atheism which is now my settled view of the cosmos. In particular, I feel that C. S. Lewis's older brother, Major W. H. Lewis, has not yet received his meed of praise, and I was glad to learn more about him in these pages.



C. S. Lewis, ed.: Essays Presented to Charles Williams (1947)


His contribution to the volume above - Essays Presented to Charles Williams - is one of the most entertaining in the book, generally seen as significant principally because it constitutes the first publication of J. R. R. Tolkien's famous essay 'On Fairy-Stories.' I only have three of Warnie Lewis's ten books, but I find his intimate knowledge of French history most valuable and interesting.

He was, of course, pilloried as an embarrassing and ineffectual drunk in that otherwise excellent (though terribly inaccurate) movie Shadowlands. I don't think anyone who has read his elegant, well-turned prose is likely to concur with that assessment.

The authors in the booklists below are arranged alphabetically by surname, rather than in order of posthumous repute:



Richard Attenborough, dir.: Shadowlands (1993)




•


Some Sample Inklings (1947)
[l-to-r: James Dundas-Grant / Colin Hardie / Robert E. Havard / C. S. Lewis / Peter Havard]

The Inklings


Authors:
  1. Owen Barfield (1898-1997)
  2. C. S. Lewis (1898-1963)
  3. W. H. Lewis (1895-1973)
  4. J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973)
  5. Charles Williams (1886-1945)
  6. Secondary Literature


Books I own are marked in bold:



Owen Barfield (1950s)


    Poetry & Fiction:

  1. The Silver Trumpet: A Novel (1925)
  2. This Ever Diverse Pair. Burgeon Trilogy, 1 (1950)
  3. Worlds Apart (A Dialogue of the 60s). Burgeon Trilogy, 2 (1963)
  4. Unancestral Voice. Burgeon Trilogy, 3 (1965)
  5. Orpheus: A Verse Drama (1983)
  6. A Barfield Sampler: Poetry and Fiction by Owen Barfield. Ed. Jeanne Clayton Hunter & Thomas Kranidas (1993)
  7. Night Operation. 1975 (2008)
  8. Eager Spring. 1988 (2008)
  9. The Rose on the Ash-Heap. 1929 (2009)

    10. Non-fiction:

  10. History in English Words. 1926. Floris Classics. Edinburgh: Floris Books, 1985.
  11. Poetic Diction: A Study in Meaning. London: Faber & Gwyer, 1928.
  12. Romanticism Comes of Age (1944)
  13. Saving the Appearances: A Study in Idolatry (1957)
  14. Unancestral Voice (1965)
  15. Speaker's Meaning (1967)
  16. What Coleridge Thought (1971)
  17. The Rediscovery of Meaning and Other Essays (1977)
  18. History, Guilt, and Habit (1979)
  19. Owen Barfield on C. S. Lewis. Ed. G. B. Tennyson (1989)
  20. A Barfield Reader: Selections from the Writings of Owen Barfield. Ed. G. B. Tennyson (1990)
  21. The "Great War" of Owen Barfield and C.S. Lewis: Philosophical Writings, 1927–1930. Ed. Norbert Feinendegen & Arend Smilde. Inklings Studies Supplements, Nr. 1 (2015)

    22. Translation:

  22. Rudolf Steiner. The Calendar of the Soul: The Year Participated. Translated and Paraphrased for an English Ear. London: Rudolf Steiner Press / Spring Valley, NY: Anthroposophic Press, 1985.

    23. Letters:

  23. Mark vs. Tristram: Correspondence between C. S. Lewis & Owen Barfield. Ed. Walter Hooper, Oxford: Oxford University C. S. Lewis Society, 1990.


    Poetry & Translation:

  1. [as 'Clive Hamilton'] Spirits in Bondage (1919)
    • Included in Collected Poems. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1919, 1964. London: Fount Paperbacks, 1994.
  2. [as 'Clive Hamilton'] Dymer (1926)
    • Included in Narrative Poems. Ed. Walter Hooper. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1969.
  3. Poems. Ed. Walter Hooper. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1964.
  4. Narrative Poems ['Dymer,' 'Launcelot,' 'The Nameless Isle,' & 'The Queen of Drum']. Ed. Walter Hooper. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1969.
    • Narrative Poems. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1969. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979.
  5. Collected Poems. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1919, 1964. London: Fount Paperbacks, 1994.
  6. C. S. Lewis's Lost Aeneid: Arms and Exile. Ed. A. T. Reyes. Foreword by Walter Hooper. Preface by D. O. Ross. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2011.
  7. The Collected Poems of C. S Lewis: A Critical Edition. Ed. Don W. King. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 2015.

    8. Fiction:

  8. The Pilgrim’s Regress: An Allegorical Apology for Christianity, Reason and Romanticism. 1933. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1956.
  9. The Cosmic Trilogy: Out of the Silent Planet; Perelandra; That Hideous Strength. 1938, 1943, 1945. London: The Bodley Head, 1990.
    • Out of the Silent Planet. 1938. London: Pan Books, 1956.
    • Perelandra: A Novel. 1943. London: John Lane The Bodley Head, 1943.
    • That Hideous Strength: A Modern Fairy Tale for Grown-Ups. 1945. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968.
  10. The Screwtape Letters. 1942. London: Geoffrey Bles: The Centenary Press, 1942.
  11. The Great Divorce: A Dream. London: Geoffrey Bles: The Centenary Press, 1945.
  12. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Magician’s Nephew; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe; The Horse and His Boy; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; The Last Battle; On Three Ways of Writing for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1955, 1950, 1954, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1982. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2004.
    • The Complete Chronicles of Narnia:
      1. The Magician’s Nephew. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1955. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.
      2. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1950. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.
      3. The Horse and His Boy. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1954. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.
      4. Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1951. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.
      5. The Voyage of the Dawn Treader: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1952. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.
      6. The Silver Chair: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1953. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.
      7. The Last Battle: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1956. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.
    • The Magician’s Nephew. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1955. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978.
    • The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1950. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963.
    • The Horse and His Boy. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1954. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.
    • Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1951. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963.
    • The Voyage of the Dawn Treader: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1952. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972.
    • The Silver Chair: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1953. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966.
    • The Last Battle: A Story for Children. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1956. A Puffin Book. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965.
  13. Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1956.
  14. 'The Shoddy Lands.' Fantasy and Science Fiction (February, 1956)
    • Included in The Dark Tower and Other Stories. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1977. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1983.
  15. 'Ministering Angels.' Fantasy and Science Fiction (January, 1958)
    • Included in The Dark Tower and Other Stories. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1977. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1983.
  16. Screwtape Proposes a Toast and Other Pieces. 1965. London: Collins / Fontana Books, 1974.
  17. The Dark Tower and Other Stories. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1977. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1983.
  18. Boxen: The Imaginary World of the Young C. S. Lewis. Ed. Walter Hooper. London: Collins & Fount Paperbacks, 1985.
    • C. S. Lewis & W. H. Lewis. Boxen: Childhood Chronicles Before Narnia. Essay by Walter Hooper. 1985. Introduced by Douglas Gresham. 2008. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2010.

    19. Literary Criticism:

  19. The Allegory of Love: a Study in Medieval Tradition. 1936. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
  20. Rehabilitations and other essays (1939)
  21. [with E. M. W. Tillyard] The Personal Heresy: A Controversy (1939)
  22. A Preface to Paradise Lost. 1942. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
  23. The Abolition of Man: Reflections on Education with Special Reference to the Teaching of English in the Upper Forms of Schools. 1943. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1962.
  24. Arthurian Torso (1948)
    • Included in Charles Williams & C. S. Lewis. Taliessin through Logres; The Region of the Summer Stars; Arthurian Torso. 1938, 1944, 1948. Introduction by Mary McDermott Shideler. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1980.
  25. English Literature in the Sixteenth Century, excluding Drama. 1954. Oxford History of English Literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.
  26. 'On Edmund Spenser.' Major British Writers, Vol I (1954)
  27. Studies in Words. 1960. Cambridge. Canto, 1990.
  28. Experiment in Criticism. 1961. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
  29. They Asked for a Paper: Papers and Addresses. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1962.
  30. Selections from Layamon's Brut. Ed. G. L. Brook. Introduction by C. S. Lewis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963.
  31. The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature. 1964. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
  32. Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature. Ed. Walter Hooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.
  33. On Stories: And other Essays on literature. Ed. Walter Hooper (1966)
  34. Spenser’s Images of Life. Ed. Alistair Fowler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967.
  35. Selected Literary Essays. Ed. Walter Hooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
  36. Of This and Other Worlds. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1982. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1984.
  37. Essay Collection: Literature, Philosophy and Short Stories (2000)
    • Included in Essay Collection & Other Short Pieces. Ed. Lesley Walmsley. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.
  38. From Narnia to A Space Odyssey: The War of Ideas Between Arthur C. Clarke and C. S. Lewis (2003)
  39. [with J. R. R. Tolkien] Language and Human Nature (2009)
  40. Image and Imagination: Essays and Reviews (2013)

    41. Theology:

  41. The Problem of Pain. The Christian Challenge Series. 1940. London: The Centenary Press, 1941.
  42. The Case for Christianity (1942)
  43. Broadcast Talks (1942)
  44. Christian Behaviour (1943)
  45. Beyond Personality (1944)
  46. The Inner Ring (1944)
  47. Miracles: A Preliminary Study. 1947. Rev. ed. London: Collins / Fontana Books, 1960.
  48. Transposition, and other Addresses (1949)
  49. Mere Christianity: A Revised and Amplified Edition, with a New Introduction, of the Three Books, Broadcast Talks, Christian Behaviour, and Beyond Personality. 1952. London: Collins / Fontana Books, 1969.
  50. Reflections on the Psalms (1958)
    • Included in Selected Books: The Four Loves; The Pilgrim's Regress; Mere Christianity; The Problem of Pain; Prayer: Letters to Malcolm; Reflections on the Psalms; The Screwtape Letters; Screwtape Proposes a Toast; Till We Have Faces; The Great Divorce; Miracles; Surprised by Joy. 1960, 1933, 1952, 1940, 1964, 1958, 1942, 1961, 1956, 1946, 1947, 1955. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.
  51. The Four Loves. 1960. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1978.
  52. The World's Last Night and Other Essays (1960)
    • Included in Essay Collection & Other Short Pieces. Ed. Lesley Walmsley. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.
  53. Letters to Malcolm: Chiefly on Prayer (1964)
    • Prayer: Letters to Malcolm. 1964. London: Collins / Fontana Books, 1974.
  54. Christian Reflections (1967)
    • Included in Essay Collection & Other Short Pieces. Ed. Lesley Walmsley. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.
  55. God in the Dock: Essays on theology and Ethics. [UK: 'Undeceptions: Essays on Theology and Ethics,' 1971]. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1970. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1979.
  56. Fern-seed and Elephants and Other Essays on Christianity. Ed. Walter Hooper. 1975. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1978.
  57. The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses (1980)
  58. The Business Of Heaven: Daily Readings From C. S. Lewis. Ed. Walter Hooper (1984)
  59. Present Concerns (1986)
    • Included in Essay Collection & Other Short Pieces. Ed. Lesley Walmsley. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.
  60. Compelling Reason: Essays on Ethics and Theology (1998)
  61. Selected Books: The Four Loves; The Pilgrim's Regress; Mere Christianity; The Problem of Pain; Prayer: Letters to Malcolm; Reflections on the Psalms; The Screwtape Letters; Screwtape Proposes a Toast; Till We Have Faces; The Great Divorce; Miracles; Surprised by Joy. 1960, 1933, 1952, 1940, 1964, 1958, 1942, 1961, 1956, 1946, 1947, 1955. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.
  62. Essay Collection & Other Short Pieces. [In two Paperback volumes: 'Faith, Christianity and the Church' & 'Literature, Philosophy and Short Stories,' 2000]. Ed. Lesley Walmsley. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.

    63. Autobiography:

  63. Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1955.
  64. [as 'N. W. Clerk'] A Grief Observed (1961)
    • A Grief Observed. 1961. London: Faber, 1981.

    65. Edited:

  65. George MacDonald: An Anthology. 1946. London: Geoffrey Bles: The Centenary Press, 1947.
  66. Essays Presented to Charles Williams. London: Oxford University Press, 1947.

    67. Audio recordings:

  67. The Magician's Nephew. 1955. The Chronicles of Narnia: Full-Color Collector's Edition, Book One. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 2000. Set of 4 CDs. Performed by Kenneth Branagh. Harper Trophy. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2004.

    68. Diaries & Letters:

  68. Letters. Ed. W. H. Lewis. 1966. Rev. ed. ed. Walter Hooper. 1988. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1991.
  69. Letters to an American Lady. Ed. Clyde S. Kilby. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1967.
  70. They Stand Together: The Letters of C. S. Lewis to Arthur Greeves (1914-1963). Ed. Walter Hooper. London: Collins, 1979.
  71. All My Road Before Me: The Diary of C. S. Lewis, 1922-1927. Ed. Walter Hooper. Foreword by Owen Barfield. 1991. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1993.
  72. [with Don Giovanni Calabria] The Latin Letters of C. S. Lewis. Ed. Martin Moynihan. South Bend, Ind.: Saint Augustine's Press, 1998.
  73. Collected Letters, Volume I: Family Letters, 1905-1931. Ed. Walter Hooper. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.
  74. Collected Letters, Volume II: Books, Broadcasts and the War, 1931-1949. Ed. Walter Hooper. Harper San Francisco. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 2004.
  75. Collected Letters, Volume III: Narnia, Cambridge and Joy, 1950-1963. Ed. Walter Hooper. Harper San Francisco. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2007.


    Non-fiction:

  1. "The Galleys of France." [Included in The Splendid Century (1953]. In Essays Presented to Charles Williams. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1947.
  2. The Splendid Century: Some Aspects of French Life in the Reign of Louis XIV. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1953.
  3. The Sunset of the Splendid Century: The Life and Times of Louis Auguste de Bourbon Duc du Maines, 1670-1736. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1955.
  4. Assault on Olympus: The Rise of the House of Gramont between 1604 and 1678. London: Andre Deutsch, 1958.
  5. Louis XIV: An Informal Portrait. London: Andre Deutsch, 1959.
  6. The Scandalous Regent: A Life of Philippe, Duc d'Orleans, and of his family. London: Andre Deutsch, 1961.
  7. Levantine Adventurer: The Travels and Missions of the Chevalier d’Arvieux, 1653-1697. London: Andre Deutsch, 1962.
  8. Memoirs of the Duc de Saint-Simon. London: B. T. Batsford, 1964.

    9. Diaries & Letters:

  9. The Lewis Papers: Memoirs of the Lewis Family. 11 vols. Privately Printed (1933-35)
  10. Letters of C. S. Lewis. Ed. with a Memoir by W. H. Lewis. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1966.
  11. Brothers and Friends: The Diaries of Major Warren Hamilton Lewis - An Intimate Portrait of C. S Lewis. Ed. Clyde S. Kilby & Marjorie Lamp Mead (1982)




J. R. R. Tolkien: The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (2014)


    Poetry & Translation:

  1. [with E. V. Gordon et al.] Songs for the Philologists (1936)
  2. 'The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun.' The Welsh Review (1945)
    • Included in The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun, together with the Corrigan Poems. Ed. Verlyn Flieger. With a Note on the Text by Christopher Tolkien. 2016. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.
  3. 'The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son,' with 'Beorhtnoth's Death' & 'Ofermod.' Essays and Studies by members of the English Association, vol. 6. (1953)
    • Included in The Tolkien Reader: The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son; Tree and Leaf; Farmer Giles of Ham; The Adventures of Tom Bombadil. 1953, 1964, 1949, 1961. Introduction by Peter Beagle. New York: Ballantine Books, 1966.
  4. The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1961. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1974.
    • The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and other verses from the Red Book. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1961. Ed. Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond. London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd., 2014.
  5. [with Donald Swann] The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle. Decorations by J. R. R. Tolkien. 1968. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1974.
  6. Bilbo's Last Song. Poster (1974)
    • Bilbo’s Last Song. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
  7. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight; Pearl; Sir Orfeo. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. 1975. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1981.
  8. The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Illustrated by Bill Sanderson. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009.
  9. The Fall of Arthur. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Illustration by Bill Sanderson. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2013.
  10. Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary, together with Sellic Spell. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2014.
  11. The Story of Kullervo. Ed. Verlyn Flieger. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2015.
  12. The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun, together with the Corrigan Poems. 1945. Ed. Verlyn Flieger. With a Note on the Text by Christopher Tolkien. 2016. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.
  13. Collected Poems. 3 vols. Ed. Christina Scull & Wayne G. Hammond. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2024.



    14. Fiction:


    J. R. R. Tolkien: The Annotated Hobbit (2003)


  14. The Hobbit, or There and Back Again. Illustrated by the Author. 1937. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1972.
    • The Hobbit, or There and Back Again. 1937. London: Unwin Books, 1974.
    • The Annotated Hobbit: The Hobbit, or There and Back Again. 1937. Ed. Douglas A. Anderson. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.
    • The Annotated Hobbit: Revised and Expanded Edition. 1937. Ed. Douglas A. Anderson. 1988. Rev. ed. 2002. London: HarperCollins, 2003.
  15. 'Leaf by Niggle.' The Dublin Review (1945)
    • Included in Tree and Leaf: On Fairy-Stories; Leaf by Niggle. 1939, 1945, 1964. London: Unwin Books, 1973.
  16. Farmer Giles of Ham. Illustrated by Pauline Diana Baynes. 1949. London & Boston: George Allen and Unwin & Houghton and Mifflin, 1973.
    • Farmer Giles of Ham: 50th Anniversary Edition. Illustrated by Pauline Diana Baynes. 1949. Ed. Christina Scull & Wayne G. Hammond. 1999. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.


  17. The Lord of the Rings. 1954, 1954, 1955. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1969.
    • The Lord of the Rings: Complete One-Volume Edition With the Index and Appendices. 1954, 1954, 1955. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1982.
    • The Lord of the Rings: Complete One-Volume Edition With the Index and Appendices. 1954, 1954, 1955. Rev. Christopher Tolkien. London: HarperCollins, 2001.
    • The Lord of the Rings: Illustrated Edition. Illustrated by J. R. R. Tolkien. London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd., 2021.
  18. The Fellowship of the Ring: Being the first volume of The Lord of the Rings (1954)
    • The Fellowship of the Ring, Being the First Part of the Lord of the Rings. 1954. London & Boston: George Allen and Unwin & Houghton Mifflin, 1961.
    • The Fellowship of the Ring, Being the First Part of the Lord of the Rings. 1954. 2nd ed. 1966. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1973.
  19. The Two Towers: Being the second volume of The Lord of the Rings (1954)
    • The Two Towers, Being the Second Part of the Lord of the Rings. 1954. London & Boston: George Allen and Unwin & Houghton Mifflin, 1961.
    • The Two Towers, Being the Second Part of the Lord of the Rings. 1954. 2nd ed. 1966. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1971.
  20. The Return of the King: Being the third volume of The Lord of the Rings (1955)
    • The Return of the King, Being the Third Part of the Lord of the Rings. 1955. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1957.
    • The Return of the King, Being the Third Part of the Lord of the Rings. 2nd ed. 1966. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1971.
  21. Tree and Leaf: On Fairy-Stories; Leaf by Niggle. 1939, 1945, 1964. London: Unwin Books, 1973.
    • Tree and Leaf, including the poem Mythopoeia. 1964. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1988.
  22. The Tolkien Reader: The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son; Tree and Leaf; Farmer Giles of Ham; The Adventures of Tom Bombadil. 1953, 1964, 1949, 1961. Introduction by Peter Beagle. New York: Ballantine Books, 1966.
  23. Smith of Wootton Major. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1967. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1974.
    • Included in Tree and Leaf; Smith of Wootton Major; The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm’s Son. 1964, 1967, 1975. London: Unwin Books, 1975.
    • Smith of Wootton Major: Extended Edition. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. 1967. Ed. Verlyn Flieger. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005.
  24. The Father Christmas Letters. Ed Baillie Tolkien. 1976. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1978.
    • Letters from Father Christmas: Centenary Edition. Ed. Baillie Tolkien. 1976. Rev. ed. 1999. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2020.


    25. J. R. R. Tolkien: The Silmarillion: Illustrated Edition (2022)


  25. The Silmarillion. Ed. Christopher Tolkien, assisted by Guy Gavriel Kay. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1977.
    • The Silmarillion. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. 1977. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1979.
    • The Silmarillion. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. 1977. 2nd. ed. 1999. Illustrated by Ted Nasmith. London: HarperCollins, 2008.
    • The Silmarillion: Illustrated Edition. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. 1977. 2nd ed. 1999. Illustrated by J. R. R. Tolkien. London: HarperCollins, 2022.
  26. Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. 1980. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1981.
  27. Poems and Stories. ['The Adventures of Tom Bombadil'; 'The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son'; 'On Fairy-Stories'; 'Leaf by Niggle'; 'Farmer Giles of Ham'; & 'Smith of Wootton Major'. 1961, 1953, 1947, 1945, 1949, 1967]. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1980.
  28. Mr. Bliss. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1982.
    • Mr. Bliss. 1982. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983.
  29. The History of Middle-earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien (1983-1996):
    1. The Book of Lost Tales, Part 1. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1983.
    2. The Book of Lost Tales, Part 2. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1984.
    3. The Lays of Beleriand. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
    4. The Shaping of Middle-earth: The Quenta, the Ambarkanta and the Annals together with the earliest ‘Silmarillion’and the first Map. London: Guild Publishing, 1986.
    5. The Lost Road and Other Writings: Language and Legend before ‘The Lord of the Rings’. London: Unwin Hyman, 1987.
    6. The Return of the Shadow: The History of the Lord of the Rings, Part One. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.
    7. The Treason of Isengard: The History of the Lord of the Rings, Part Two. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
    8. The War of the Ring: The History of the Lord of the Rings, Part Three. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
    9. Sauron Defeated: The End of the Third Age (The History of the Lord of the Rings, Part Four); The Notion Club Papers and The Drowning of Anadûnê. London: HarperCollins, 1992.
    10. Morgoth’s Ring: The Later Silmarillion, Part One, The Legends of Aman. London: HarperCollins, 1993.
    11. The War of the Jewels: The Later Silmarillion, Part One, The Legends of Beleriand. London: HarperCollins, 1994.
    12. The Peoples of Middle-earth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.
    13. The History of Middle-earth Index. 1983-1996. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2002.
  30. Roverandom. Ed. Christina Scull & Wayne G. Hammond. London: HarperCollins, 1995.
  31. Tales from the Perilous Realm: Roverandom / Farmer Giles of Ham / The Adventures of Tom Bombadil / Smith of Wootton Major / Leaf by Niggle / On Fairy-Stories. 1995, 1949, 1961, 1967, 1945, 1947 & 1997. Introduction by Tom Shippey. Illustrated by Alan Lee. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
  32. A Tolkien Miscellany. ['Smith of Wootton Major'; 'Farmer Giles of Ham'; 'The Adventures of Tom Bombadil'; 'Tree and Leaf'; & 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight']. 1967, 1949, 1961, 1964, 1975. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
  33. Narn I Chîn Húrin: The Tale of the Children of Húrin. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Illustrated by Alan Lee. London: HarperCollins, 2007.
  34. Beren and Lúthien. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Illustrated by Alan Lee. 2017. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2018.
  35. The Fall of Gondolin. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Illustrated by Alan Lee. 2018. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018.
  36. The Nature of Middle-earth: Late Writings on the Lands, Inhabitants, and Metaphysics of Middle-earth. Ed. Carl F. Hostetter. 2021. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021.
  37. The Fall of Númenor and Other Tales from the Second Age of Middle-earth: Edited by Brian Sibley and compiled from The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, Unfinished Tales, volumes from The History of Middle-Earth by Christopher Tolkien, and other sources. With Illustrations by Alan Lee. London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd., 2022.




    38. Carl F Hostetter, ed: The Nature of Middle Earth (2021)


    Non-fiction:

  38. Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics. London: Humphrey Milford, 1937.
    • Included in The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1983.
    • Beowulf and the Critics. Ed. Michael D.C. Drout. Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 248. Tempe, Arizona: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2002.
  39. 'On Fairy-Stories.' In Essays presented to Charles Williams. Ed. C. S. Lewis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1947)
    • Included in Tree and Leaf: On Fairy-Stories; Leaf by Niggle. 1939, 1945, 1964. London: Unwin Books, 1973.
    • On Fairy-Stories: Expanded Edition, with Commentary and Notes. 1947 & 1964. Ed. Verlyn Flieger & Douglas A. Anderson. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
  40. The Ancrene Riwle. Trans. M. B. Salu. Preface by J. R. R. Tolkien. Introduction by Gerard Sitwell. London: Burns & Oates, 1955.
  41. 'Tolkien on Tolkien' (1966)
  42. 'Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings' (1975)
    • Included in A Tolkien Compass. Ed. Jared Lobdell. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1975.
    • 'Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings' (full version) included in The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion. Ed. Wayne G. Hammond & Christina Scull. 2005. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
  43. Finn and Hengest: The Fragment and the Episode. Ed. Alan Bliss. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1982.
  44. The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1983.
  45. A Secret Vice: Tolkien on Invented Languages. Ed. Dimitra Fimi & Andrew Higgins. 2016. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2020.
  46. The Battle of Maldon: together with The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth. 1953. Ed. Peter Grybauskas. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2023.



    47. Edited:

  47. A Middle English Vocabulary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1922.
    • Included in Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose. Ed. Kenneth Sisam. 1921 / A Middle English Vocabulary. 1922. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
  48. [with E. V. Gordon] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. 1925. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.
    • Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. 1925. 2nd Ed. Rev. Norman Davis. 1967. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.
  49. The Old English Apollonius of Tyre. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958.
  50. Ancrene Wisse: The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle. Early English Text Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962.
  51. [With Alexander Jones et al.] The Jerusalem Bible (1966)
    • Included in The Jerusalem Bible: Popular Edition, with Abridged Introductions and Notes. 1966. Ed. Alexander Jones. 1968. London: Darton, Longman & Trodd, 1974.
  52. The Old English "Exodus": Text, Translation and Commentary. Ed. Joan Turville-Petre. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.
  53. Bowers, John M. Tolkien’s Lost Chaucer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.



    54. John M. Bowers: Tolkien's Lost Chaucer (2019)


    Art:

  54. The Lord of the Rings 1977 Calendar: Illustrations. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1976.
  55. Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979.
    • Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. 1979. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992.
  56. J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator. Ed. Wayne G. Hammond & Christina Scull. 1995. London: HarperCollins, 2004.

    57. Audio recordings:

  57. Poems and Songs of Middle-earth. Caedmon TC 1231 (1967)
  58. J. R. R. Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings. 1952. Caedmon TC 1477, TC 1478 (1975)
  59. J. R. R. Tolkien Collection Part One: The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, and The Fellowship of the Ring. Set of 2 audio cassettes. London: HarperCollins, 2001.
  60. J. R. R. Tolkien Collection Part Two: The Two Towers, The Return of the King, & Poems and Songs of Middle-Earth. Set of 2 audio cassettes. London: HarperCollins, 2001.
  61. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Trans. J. R. R. Tolkien. 1975. Read by Terry Jones. Set of 4 CDs (complete). London: HarperCollins, 2007.

    62. Letters:

  62. Carpenter, Humphrey, & Christopher Tolkien, ed. Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1981.
  63. The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien: Revised and Expanded Edition. Ed. Humphrey Carpenter & Christopher Tolkien. 1981. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2023.


    Poetry:

  1. The Silver Stair. London: Herbert and Daniel, 1912.
  2. Poems of Conformity. London: Oxford University Press, 1917.
  3. Divorce. London: Oxford University Press, 1920.
  4. Windows of Night. London: Oxford University Press, 1924.
  5. Heroes and Kings. London: Sylvan Press, 1930.
  6. Taliessin through Logres. London: Oxford University Press, 1938.
    • Included in Charles Williams & C. S. Lewis. Taliessin through Logres; The Region of the Summer Stars; Arthurian Torso. 1938, 1944, 1948. Introduction by Mary McDermott Shideler. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1980.
  7. The Region of the Summer Stars. London: Oxford University Press, 1944.
    • Included in Charles Williams & C. S. Lewis. Taliessin through Logres; The Region of the Summer Stars; Arthurian Torso. 1938, 1944, 1948. Introduction by Mary McDermott Shideler. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1980.
  8. Selected Writings. Ed. Anne Ridler. London: Oxford University Press, 1961.
  9. Arthurian Poets series: Charles Williams. Ed. David Llewellyn Dodds. Woodbridge and Cambridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 1991.

    10. Fiction:

  10. War in Heaven. 1930. The Dennis Wheatley Library of the Occult. London: Sphere Books, 1976.
  11. Many Dimensions. 1930. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1952.
  12. The Place of the Lion. 1931. London: Faber, 1965.
  13. The Greater Trumps. 1932. London: Faber, 1964.
  14. Shadows of Ecstasy. 1933. London: Faber, 1965.
  15. Descent into Hell. 1937. London: Faber, 1949.
  16. All Hallows Eve. 1945. London: Faber, 1947.
  17. 'Et in Sempiternum Pereant.' The Oxford Book of English Ghost Stories. Ed. Michael Cox & R. A. Gilbert. 1986. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
  18. The Noises That Weren’t There. [Unfinished]. First three chapters published in Mythlore 6 (Autumn 1970), 7 (Winter 1971) & 8 (Winter 1972).

    19. Plays:

  19. A Myth of Shakespeare. London: Oxford University Press, 1930.
  20. Three Plays. London: Oxford University Press, 1931.
    1. The Witch (1929)
    2. The Chaste Wanton (1930)
    3. Rites of the Passion (1931)
  21. The House of the Octopus. London: Edinburgh House Press, 1945.
  22. Collected Plays by Charles Williams. Ed. John Heath-Stubbs; London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
    1. Thomas Cranmer of Canterbury (1936)
    2. Seed of Adam (1937)
    3. Judgement at Chelmsford (1939)
    4. The Death of Good Fortune (1939)
    5. The House by the Stable (1939)
    6. Terror of Light (1940)
    7. Grab and Grace, or It's the Second Step (1941)
    8. The Three Temptations (1942)
    9. House of the Octopus (1945)
  23. 'A Myth of Francis Bacon'. 1930. Charles Williams Society Newsletter, 11, 12, & 14 (1978-79)
  24. The Masques of Amen House. Ed. David Bratman. Mythopoeic Press, 2000.
    1. The Masque of the Manuscript (1927)
    2. The Masque of Perusal (1929)
    3. The Masque of the Termination of Copyright (1930)
  25. The Chapel of the Thorn. 1912. Ed. Sørina Higgins; Berkeley: Apocryphile Press, 2014.

    26. Literary criticism:

  26. Poetry at Present. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930.
  27. Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. Ed. Robert Bridges. 1918. Second Edition With an Appendix of Additional Notes, and a Critical Introduction by Charles Williams. 1930. The Oxford Bookshelf. 1937. London: Oxford University Press, 1941.
  28. The English Poetic Mind. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932.
  29. Reason and Beauty in the Poetic Mind. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933.
  30. The Story of the Aeneid. London: Oxford University Press, 1936.
  31. The Figure of Beatrice: A Study in Dante. London: Faber & Faber, 1943.
  32. 'The Figure of Arthur' (1948)
    • Included in Charles Williams & C. S. Lewis. Taliessin through Logres; The Region of the Summer Stars; Arthurian Torso. 1938, 1944, 1948. Introduction by Mary McDermott Shideler. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1980.
  33. The Image of the City and Other Essays. Ed. Anne Ridler; London: Oxford University Press, 1958.
  34. Religion and Love in Dante: The Theology of Romantic Love. Pennsylvania: Folcroft Library Editions, 1974.
  35. The Detective Fiction Reviews of Charles Williams. Ed. Jared C. Lobdell. McFarland, 2003.
  36. The Celian Moment and Other Essays. Ed. Stephen Barber. Oxford: The Greystones Press, 2017.

    37. Biography:

  37. Bacon. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.
  38. [with Sir Edmund Chambers] A Short Life of Shakespeare. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933.
  39. James I. London: Arthur Barker, 1934.
  40. Rochester. London: Arthur Barker, 1935.
  41. Queen Elizabeth. London: Duckworth, 1936.
  42. Henry VII. London: Arthur Barker, 1937.
  43. Stories of Great Names. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.
  44. Flecker of Dean Close. London: Canterbury Press, 1946.

    45. Theology:

  45. He Came Down from Heaven. London: Heinemann, 1938.
  46. The Descent of the Dove: A Short History of the Holy Spirit in the Church. 1939. London: Faber, 1950.
  47. Witchcraft. 1941. New York: Meridian Books, 1960.
  48. The Forgiveness of Sins. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1942)
  49. Outlines of Romantic Theology. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1990.

    50. Letters:

  50. Letters to Lalage: The Letters of Charles Williams to Lois Lang-Sims. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1989.
  51. To Michal from Serge: Letters from Charles Williams to His Wife, Florence, 1939–1945. Ed. Roma King Jr. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2002.


  1. Anderson, Douglas A., ed. Tales Before Tolkien: The Roots of Modern Fantasy. A Del Rey Book. New York: Ballantine Books, 2003.
  2. Carpenter, Humphrey. J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography. 1977. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1978.
  3. Carpenter, Humphrey. The Inklings: C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams and Their Friends. 1978. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1981.
  4. Clute, John, & John Grant, ed. The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. Orbit. London: Little, Brown and Company (UK), 1997.
  5. Como, James T., ed. C. S. Lewis at the Breakfast Table and Other Reminiscences. London: Collins, 1980.
  6. Davidman, Joy. Smoke on the Mountain: The Ten Commandments in Terms of Today. Foreword by C. S. Lewis. 1955. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1963.
  7. Foster, Robert. The Complete Guide to Middle-Earth: From The Hobbit to The Silmarillion. 1971, 1978. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1986.
  8. Garth, John. Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth. 2003. London: HarperColllins, 2004.
  9. Gilbert, Douglas, & Clyde S. Kilby. C. S. Lewis: Images of His World. 1973. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1979.
  10. Green, Roger Lancelyn, & Walter Hooper. C. S. Lewis: A Biography. 1974. London: Collins / Fount Paperbacks, 1980.
  11. Hammond, Wayne G., & Christina Scull. The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion. 2005. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
  12. Helms, Randel. Tolkien’s World. 1974. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.
  13. Hooper, Walter.C. S. Lewis: A Complete Guide to His Life and Works. 'C. S. Lewis: A Companion and Guide', 1996. Harper San Francisco. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996.
  14. Kocher, Paul. Master of Middle Earth: The Achievement of J. R. R. Tolkien in Fiction. 1972. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.
  15. Lobdell, Jared, ed. A Tolkien Compass: Including J. R. R. Tolkien’s Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1975.
  16. Manguel, Alberto, and Gianni Guadalupi. The Dictionary of Imaginary Places. London: Granada, 1980.
  17. Manlove, C. N. Modern Fantasy: Five Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1975.
  18. Rateliff, John D. The History of The Hobbit, Part One: Mr. Baggins. 2007. London: HarperCollins, 2008.
  19. Rateliff, John D. The History of The Hobbit, Part Two: Return to Bag-End. 2007. London: HarperCollins, 2008.
  20. Rateliff, John D. The History of The Hobbit. 2007. London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd., 2011.
  21. Riordan, James, ed. A Book of Narnians: The Lion, the Witch and the Others. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. London: Collins, 1994.
  22. Scull, Christina, & Wayne G. Hammond. The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion & Guide. Volume One: Chronology. 2 Vols. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006.
  23. Scull, Christina, & Wayne G. Hammond. The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion & Guide. Volume Two: Reader’s Guide. 2 Vols. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006.
  24. Shippey, T. A. The Road to Middle-Earth. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1982.
  25. Shippey, T. A. J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. 2000. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001.
  26. Sibley, Brian. The Land of Narnia: Brian Sibley Explores the World of C. S. Lewis. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. Collins Lions, 1989.
  27. Strachey, Barbara. Journeys of Frodo: An Atlas of J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1981.
  28. Wilson, A. N. C. S. Lewis: A Biography. 1990. London: Flamingo, 1991.
  29. Zaleski, Philip & Carol. The Fellowship. The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams. 2015. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016.




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